大道废,有仁义。智慧出,有大伪。六亲不和,有孝慈。国家昏乱,有忠臣。
《老子》第18章
It is when the Great Way is abandoned that the doctrine of benevolence and righteousness arises. It is when knowledge and wisdom appear that the Great Hypocrisy emerges. It is when a family is out of harmony that filial piety and parental affection to children are advocated. It is when a country falls into disorder that loyal ministers appear.
[注释]
本章所谓仁义、大伪、孝慈、忠臣,都是由于君上失德而致。君上不失德,至德之世,人皆仁义,故仁义不见;及大道(正道)废弃,乃倡仁义之名以挽颓风。六亲:中国历史上对六亲说法不一。昏乱:君主昏暗,政治混乱。忠臣:忠贞之臣。
[译文]
大道废弃,才有所谓仁义。智慧出现,才有所谓诈伪。家庭不和睦,才有所谓孝慈。国家政治混乱,才有所谓忠臣出现。